Archiv der Kategorie: Web

Amazon will continue to invest heavily in India

Amazon.com     Inc.     will     continue      investing  heavily  in  India,  the  chief   of its local operations said, dispelling  concerns of slower spending by the  US  e-commerce  company  after  its   chief financial officer Brian Olsavsky  said that while the India investments  were  starting  to  show  results,  they   had   hit   margins,   contributing   to    lower-than-expected  results  in  the   third quarter. “Not   at   all,”   Amazon’s   India   chief    Amit  Agarwal  said  in  an  interview   on   Monday   when   asked   whether    Amazon       would       slow       down        investments     in     India.     Amazon,      which  initially  said  it  would  invest   $2  billion  in  India,  had  said  in  June   that it would invest an additional $3  billion in the country. That investment is on track, Agarwal  said,  adding  that  the  company  is   “excited  about  the  momentum  that   we see in India”. “India is very early in its e-commerce  trajectory. Amazon is very early in its  e-commerce  trajectory  in  India.  To   transform how India buys is going  to take a long time; it will take a lot  of investment and… for many years.  This is just the beginning.” Amazon is betting big on its Prime  service in India and expects the  loyalty programme to dominate  sales in the coming months. “Prime continued to be the top seller  in all of October, not just for wave  one (of the Great Indian Festival).  Prime membership continues to  be a top seller and it is going to be  so going forward every month. My  belief is that Prime membership will  be the top seller every month based  on the trends that we are seeing,”  said Agarwal. On Monday, Amazon also said that  it witnessed record numbers during  its month-long Diwali sale event,  the Great Indian Festival, with sales  jumping 2.7 times from last year. This year’s Diwali sale has proven  to be the biggest showdown in the  history of Indian e-commerce, with  Amazon India and rival Flipkart  going all out to woo shoppers. While Flipkart claimed to outsell  Amazon India during the first leg of  the sale season, Amazon claims it  came back strongly during the latter  half of the sale season, with bigger  discounts in key categories such as  smartphones and large appliances. “October this year for us was 2.7  times of last year’s October—which  is incredible because last year was  4 times the October before,” said  Agarwal, adding that this growth  came even as “conversations”  suggested growth in India’s  e-commerce business was going to  be flat. Agarwal said that October could be  an inflection point for e-commerce  in India. “We had categories from  phones to Amazon Fashion to  appliances growing three to 11  times; even newer categories such  as luxury and beauty grew 46 times;  grocery and everyday consumables,  7.1 times; furniture, 11.8 times; gold  jewellery, eight times—so a lot of  these categories are showing robust  growth.” Agarwal said that 70% of the  company’s new customers in  October came from tier-II and tier-III  cities, adding that it was confident  of carrying the momentum from its  Diwali sale well into November and  December. Mint couldn’t independently verify  the numbers, but, in general,  all e-commerce marketplaces  (including Snapdeal, Amazon and  Flipkart’s smaller rival) did well in  October, carrying forward their  momentum from their annual sales. “When I look at the gaps between  the waves, our growth rates in those  gaps continued to the same extent.  We’re growing at 150% year-over- year. At peacetime, the growth rate  is still what I’m telling you. And as  we exit out of wave three (the third  sale event in October), we don’t see  a slowdown,” Agarwal said. “The broader e-commerce story is  not just a Flipkart-Amazon battle. Of  course, both Flipkart and Amazon  are trying to get a fair share of the pie  in key categories such as electronics,  fashion and large appliances. And  despite drags on margins, nobody is  going to reduce investments in India.  What you will see, however, is that  they will focus on innovation. For  example, during the festive season,  smartphone sales shot up and a lot  of the sales jumped due to things  like product exchanges. Another  new innovation was something like  Amazon Prime. So, you’ll see a lot of  that going forward,” said Sreedhar  Prasad, partner-e-commerce at  KPMG

The tyranny of messaging and notifications

Welcome to Mossberg, a weekly commentary and reviews column on The Verge and Recode by veteran tech journalist Walt Mossberg, now an Executive Editor at The Verge and Editor at Large of Recode.

Up until just a few years ago, I got around 350 emails a day, which presented me with an exhausting, time-consuming daily task that I grumbled about plenty. Now, because of social media and messaging services, that number has been cut by more than half. But things are actually worse.

These days, messages come at me from so many directions that it’s incredibly distracting and even harder to deal with. Friends, co-workers, business acquaintances and strangers contact me on multiple siloed services, which can signal subtle shades of immediacy or weight. And when I have to reach someone with something important and time-sensitive, I often wind up resorting to two or more similar but independent pathways, because I’m never sure which one will be likelier to work, since he or she is under a similar assault.

And then there are the notifications, ever-present on every operating system on every device. Sure, you can fine tune or even silence them with some work (more on that later), but most people don’t, or don’t know how, or feel they don’t dare. Notifications are supposed to save you time, but often they wind up doing the opposite.

Many mornings, it’s common for the lock screen of my iPhone and the right-hand side of my Mac’s screen to be jammed with notifications about „news“ I don’t care about, messages whose relevance has come and gone overnight, tips on birthdays of people I’m not close to, reminders of meetings I’m not attending, and warnings of traffic tie-ups on roads I don’t use. The signal-to-noise ratio is very poor, and gets only marginally better during the work day.

The confusion will only grow

And this weird, mixed-up communications structure is about to get more complex, because U.S. tech companies — following a strong trend in Asia — are turning messaging from a service into a platform, with supposedly intelligent bots and assistants and apps built into them. Apple is beefing up iMessage. Facebook is beefing up Messenger. Google, which has been behind in messaging, is launching two new platforms: Allo for text and images and emojis, and Duo for videos.

Maybe these bots and assistants and apps will be a means to controlling and focusing your messaging and communications, but that would be a hard, tricky job. More likely, I fear, they will just spew more messages and notifications they think — wrongly — you care about.

Alongside the race for consumer loyalty among these giants, there’s a parallel race to become the new-style internal messaging system for companies. In the lead so far is Slack, an unthreaded, sometimes chaotic series of chat rooms which my employer, Vox Media, uses, and which claims to be the fastest-growing business application on the market. Microsoft and others are trying to catch up. Slack is just another thing you have to keep up with.

I don’t know about you, but I expect to be pretty cautious about committing to Google’s new Allo service, once I’ve tried it out. Other new services inspire similar caution. All due respect to the smart folks at Google, but I’m just not sure I can handle yet another messaging service in my life.

Stop! Attention thief!

Sometimes, I yearn for the old days of email dominance (I can’t believe I typed those words). Why? Because despite the spam, you could be pretty sure you were good if you just checked it a few times a day, since most people used it as their primary means of written communication and they usually didn’t expect an immediate response.

A text, or short internet message, on the other hand, seems to demand instant attention, and may even lead to a whole thread of conversation. This can sometimes be delightful or enlightening, but it takes you away from the moment — from your thinking, reading, working. It steals your attention at a time of the sender’s choosing.

Even social network posts can act like this. You might be succeeding — for a while at least — in staying away from Facebook or Twitter while you work on a project or think through a problem. But then somebody acts on one of your posts, or even on a post you merely commented on, and boom! There’s a notification nagging at you. This happened to me as I was writing this column, because I forgot to kill notifications for awhile.

And, of course, a tweet or Facebook post can spawn a whole, sometimes heated, conversation that’s hard to ignore, even if you’re not browsing your whole feed for news or amusing GIFs.

The rabbit holes are everywhere, and it’s too easy to fall down them.

Dumb and dumber

One reason for the messaging overload, especially when it comes to notifications, is that too many apps just have no idea what’s relevant to you, or don’t care. For instance, I signed up for a local text alert service to get notified of things like dangerous storms on the way or bad road conditions, But I’m on the verge of shutting it off because it floods me with texts about anything worse than a fender bender on roads I never travel. It knows nothing about my driving habits and offers no way to teach it. Then, it compounds the distraction by texting me again when the irrelevant traffic tie-up is cleared.

Starbucks notifies me when I’m near one of its branches where I buy a lot of coffee. But the notification remains on my Apple Watch long after I’ve left the vicinity of that store. CVS notifies me of sales, when I really don’t care and I only wanted to know if my prescription is ready.

And to make some of these apps smarter, I might have to give up more of my personal information, which is a dangerous balance — especially when dozens of these apps start asking for it.

The big solution?

It would be nice if, like most email services, these major and forthcoming messaging services could somehow interoperate in the same client of your choice, so they could all somehow learn your preferences and you could use a single scheme of settings and preferences to control their behavior (maybe you could „snooze“ them) and their notifications. But that seems highly unlikely.  Palm’s webOS operating system had a feature something like this called Synergy, but it’s defunct.

So the big fix to this is probably up to the makers of the operating system platforms. They permit and control the notifications, at the least. They could create more and better user tailoring and learning that could be shared by all messaging services. But the problem, of course, is that the two big mobile OS makers, Apple and Google, are also deeply enmeshed in the messaging wars.

The small, available solution

So, what can you do? Well, you can be like me and vow to stick with one or two messaging services, turn off all notifications when need be, and, at times, when it really matters, put your mobile devices into airplane mode for an hour here and there, even on the ground.

Or, you could carefully tweak your notifications on iOS and Android. For instance, if you have an iPhone, you could open your Notification settings and go through the long list of apps you own, decide if you want notifications from each, and then, if so, what types of notification (sounds? lock screen snippets? A badge? one of two types of banners?)

And then, you could dive into the preferences on Facebook and Twitter, and quiet the notifications that stem from threads in which you are involved.

This might do the trick, but, if you’re a power user, it’s a daunting task. It’s like that vow you make, but never keep, to devote a bunch of time to paring down your list of Facebook friends.

A shorter, simpler list of steps outlined here should help.

But none of the excitement and energy around messaging as a new platform will go anywhere if managing the flow of messages is more trouble than they’re actually worth.

http://www.theverge.com/2016/7/6/12102874/walt-mossberg-messaging-notifications

You can make the walled garden very very sweet, but the jungle outside is always more appealing in the long term.

Transformers  event

As fragile as paper is, written documents and records have long provided historians with a wealth of insight about that past that often helps shape the present. And they don’t need any special technology to read them. Cerf himself points to historian Doris Kearns Goodwin’s 2005 bestseller Team of Rivals, which she based on the diary entries and letters of Abraham Lincoln and his cabinet members. The book influenced how President Obama shaped his own cabinet and became the basis for the Steven Spielberg film Lincoln. In short, old records are important. But as Cerf’s own email obsolescence shows, digital communications quickly become unreadable.

Don’t believe it? What would you do right now if you wanted to read something stored on a floppy disk? On a Zip drive? In the same way, the web browsers of the future might not be able to open today’s webpages and images–if future historians are lucky enough to have copies of today’s websites at all. Says Cerf, “I’m concerned about a coming digital dark ages.”

That’s why he and some of his fellow inventors of the Internet are joining with a new generation of hackers, archivists, and activists to radically reinvent core technologies that underpin the web. Yes, they want to make the web more secure. They want to make it less vulnerable to censorship. But they also want to make it more resilient to the sands of time.

The Permanent Web

Today, much of the responsibility for preserving the web’s history rests on The Internet Archive. The non-profit’s Wayback Machine crawls the web perpetually, taking snapshots that let you, say, go back and see how WIRED looked in 1997. But the Wayback Machine has to know about a site before it can index it, and it only grabs sites periodically. Based on the Internet Archive’s own findings, the average webpage only lasts about 100 days. In order to preserve a site, the Wayback Machine has to spot it in that brief window before it disappears.

What’s more, the Wayback Machine is a centralized silo of information—an irony that’s not lost on the inventors of the Internet. If it runs out of money, it could go dark. And because the archives originate from just one web address, it’s relatively easy for censors, such as those in China, to block users from accessing the site entirely. The Archive Team–an unrelated organization–is leading an effort to create a more decentralized backup on the Internet Archive. But if Internet Archive founder Brewster Kahle, Cerf, and their allies who recently came together at what they called the Decentralized Web Summit have their way, the world will one day have a web that archives itself and backs itself up automatically.

Some pieces of this new web already exist. Interplanetary File System, or IPFS, is an open source project that taps into ideas pioneered by the decentralized digital currency Bitcoin and the peer-to-peer file sharing system BitTorrent. Sites opt in to IPFS, and the protocol distributes files among participating users. If the original web server goes down, the site will live on thanks to the backups running on other people’s computers. What’s more, these distributed archives will let people browse previous versions of the site, much the way you can browse old edits in Wikipedia or old versions of websites in the Wayback Machine.

“We are giving digital information print-like quality,” says IPFS founder Juan Benet. “If I print a piece of paper and physically hand it to you, you have it, you can physically archive it and use it in the future.” And you can share that copy with someone else.

What would you do right now if you wanted to read something stored on a floppy disk? On a Zip drive?

Right now IPFS is still just a tool the most committed: you need to have IPFS’s software installed on your computer to take part. But Benet says the team has already built a version of the software in JavaScript that can run in your browser without the need to install any new software at all. If it winds up on everyone’s browsers, the idea goes, then everyone can help back up the web.

Unlike the early web, the web of today isn’t just a collection of static HTML files. It’s a rich network of interconnected applications like Facebook and Twitter and Slack that are constantly changing. A truly decentralized web will need ways not just to back up pages but applications and data as well. That’s where things get really tricky–just ask the team behind the decentralized crowdfunding system DAO which was just hacked to the tune of $50 million last week.

The IPFS team is already hard at work on a feature that would allow a web app to keep trucking along even if the original server disappears, and it’s already built a chat app to demonstrate the concept. Meanwhile, several other projects– such as Ethereum, ZeroNet and the SAFE Network—aspire to create ways to build websites and applications that don’t depend on a single server or company to keep running. And now, thanks in large part to the Summit, many of them are working to make their systems cross-compatible.

Why Bother?

Even if the web winds up in a new, better of digital archive, plenty of problems still remain. Today’s web isn’t just a collection of static HTML files; it’s dynamic apps like Facebook, Twitter, and Slack. The operating systems and hardware of the future might not be able to read or run any of those. The same holds true for videos, photos, maybe even text.

Many efforts are afoot to right those weaknesses. But why bother?

‚We are giving digital information print-like quality.‘

After all, if anyone really cares about a specific file or site, can’t they just transfer the files to newer media and convert the most important files to newer formats? The problem with that line of thinking, Cerf says, is that people often don’t always know what’s important right away. For example, sailors have kept meticulous records of weather and temperatures in locations all over the world for centuries. That sort of information probably seemed useless, the sort of thing geeks of old preserved out of a vague sense of historical purpose. But guess what: climate scientists may find all that weather data very valuable. (The Old Weather project is now hard at work digitizing those old ship logs.)

Still: some websites just shouldn’t last forever. Does anyone in the future really need to see old drunken college photos or inadvisable Facebook rants? Meanwhile, activists and law enforcement are trying to stop web publishers from posting nude photos of people without their consent–a practice known as “revenge porn.” These same preservation tools that could make it harder for governments to censor the web could make it harder for people to scrub content from the web that shouldn’t be there anyway. People like Snapchat for a reason.

‚The walled garden is very sweet. But the jungle outside is always more appealing.‘

Cerf suggests possible technical workarounds to this problem. Web publishers, for example, could specify whether other people can automatically archive their sites. Bennet says the IPFS team has been considering a feature that would enable the original publisher of a page to un-publish it by sending a beacon to all other servers hosting a page asking for its removal. The IPFS servers could also host blacklists to remove copyrighted material. Still, those blacklists themselves become a reminder of the things we’re trying to forget.

But the biggest problem facing the decentralized web is probably neither technical or legal. And that’s getting people to care in the first place. At a time when people spend most of their time in closed-off platforms like Facebook and Snapchat, so much of what humans digitally produce stays locked up anyway. Bringing people back to the open web is going to mean creating user experiences that are fun enough and easy enough to persuade people to venture out of the confines of today’s app-centric
Internet.

But Tim Berners-Lee, the creator of the original web, isn’t worried. After all, the open web already beat out walled gardens with names like America Online, Compuserve, and Prodigy. “You can make the walled garden very very sweet,” Berners-Lee said at the summit. “But the jungle outside is always more appealing in the long term.”

http://www.wired.com/2016/06/inventors-internet-trying-build-truly-permanent-web

Diane Greene, the woman Google acqui-hired in November to transform its fragmented cloud business

The first thing to understand about Diane Greene, the woman Google acqui-hired in November to transform its fragmented cloud business, is that she has the mind of an engineer.

Cool technology, elegantly designed and built, lights her up. Even her jokes tend to be geek oriented.

A lifelong competitive sailor, she was a mechanical engineer who built boats and windsurfers before she became an iconic Silicon Valley computer scientist.

The second thing to understand about her is that she hates the limelight.

While she’s fine with standing on stage talking about all the cool things Google is building for their new target customer, big companies, she prefers not to talk about herself.

In fact, she’s so ego-free, her office at Google’s Mountain View, California, headquarters is just a tiny windowless room, big enough to hold an ordinary desk and two chairs.

Diane GreeneBusiness InsiderDiane Greene.

Before she took the job, Google had been building products and pursuing business customers in a sort of hodgepodge way. Its Google for Work unit had Google Apps, Chromebooks, and an assortment of other products like videoconferencing.

It had poached Amit Singh from Oracle a few years back to help turn Google Apps into a more professional business unit, capable of taking on Microsoft Office. He had hired salespeople and created a support organization. (He’s since moved on to work for Google’s young virtual-reality unit.)

But Google for Work wasn’t working very closely with Google’s nascent cloud-computing business, running under Urs Hölzle.

That unit included a huge cadre of people running Google’s data centers (600 computer-security experts alone, for instance), but only a small separate sales force.

In the seven months since Greene came in that’s changed. She:

  • hired experienced enterprise sales and support personnel.
  • created the office of the CTO, which handles the technical questions, design, or customization of large customer needs.
  • created units that focus on specific industries, because an agriculture firm has different needs than a retailer.
  • created programs for getting more „reseller“ partners on board, the small consultants who will sell and support Google’s cloud to smaller customers, offering niche services.
  • created a Global Alliance program for working with big global partners.

„So these are all new,“ Greene tells us.

Now all the teams are working together. „We all get together once a week, we share and discuss and debate,” she says. „It wasn’t possible before I came because sales and marketing were in a different division than cloud. And cloud was in a different division than Apps. I feel like the structure is in place now and we’re hiring very aggressively.”

Hölzle wooed her to the job

Greene made her name as cofounder of VMware, with her famous Stanford professor husband, Mendel Rosenblum. VMware has gone on to become a giant tech company. She left the VMware CEO role about eight years ago, after EMC bought it.

Google Urs HolzleGoogle+Urs Hölzle.

Until taking this Google job, she was quietly doing her own thing, raising her kids, advising and angel investing in startups (many of which did spectacularly well), and serving on a few boards, including Google’s board since 2012. She was under the radar but still highly and widely respected, the queen of enterprise computing.

She was also working on a new startup, Bebop Technologies, until Google bought it for $380 million when it hired her. Greene’s take was $149 million, and she and her husband dedicated that money to charity.

Hölzle, the engineer who famously built Google’s data centers and runs the technical side of the cloud business, is Greene’s partner.

He believes that within a few years, Google’s cloud business can be bigger than its ad business. That’s a big goal: Google currently makes the vast majority of its $75 billion in annual revenue from ads.

Hölzle is the one who talked Greene into taking this job as they hung out walking their dogs together.

„Through being on the board, I got to know Urs and started working with him informally,“ Greene says.

„We knew we needed an overall business leader. He’s a brilliant person and fun to work with. He really wanted to me to do it. I just realized, wow, partnering with Urs, we can really do this, with the backdrop of Google which is just this amazing company,“ she says.

A new phenom

Google has placed itself at the center of one of the biggest, newest trends happening in the enterprise market. Some people call this trend digital transformation. But it’s more than just automating manual processes or turning paper forms into iPad apps.

cowsFlickr/Amanda Parsons

More and more, the IT departments at large companies have started treating their tech vendors as partners that help them cocreate the tech they need.

“This is new for me. I’ve never been in the enterprise where your customers are your partners. It was always, you had customers and you had partners. But almost every customer of a certain size is a partner. It’s going both ways now,“ Greene says.

She points to one customer, Land O’Lakes, as an example.

Land O’Lakes is probably best known for its butter and dairy products. It took crop and weather data from Google and worked with Google to build an app hosted on Google’s cloud. The app helps its farm and dairy co-op members improve their crop yields.

“It’s fun for us to help them do that,” she says. Unlike the old days, where an IT company would be the one to build the app and sell it to agriculture companies, “we don’t have to do it ourselves.”

‚More and more‘

This idea of partnering with customers is the key to her strategy.

google photos california mountainsTim Stenovec/Business InsiderGoogle Photos understand the image in the photo.

„For me, this is such a revolution,“ she says. „Everything is changing now that we are in the cloud in terms of sharing our data, understanding our data using new techniques like machine learning.“

Google’s competitive strength, Greene believes, is the breadth of the tech it can offer an enterprise.

Enterprise-app developers can tap into things like Maps, Google’s computer-vision engine (the tech that powers Google Photos), weather data, and language/translation/speech recognition. They can build apps on top of Google’s Calendar, documents, spreadsheet and presentation apps.

And, under Greene’s new integrated organization, they can even tap into the tech that powers Google’s ads or YouTube, search, or its many other services.

„And we’re going to have more and more,“ she says.

When a company can take its own data and combine it with all of Google’s technology and Google’s data, „there’s just huge possibilities,“ she says.

google chromebook play store android appsGoogle

Greene will tell you, „We’re the only public cloud company with all of that.“

When pointing out that Microsoft also offers a computer vision API, translation services, and APIs for Office 365, and that IBM also offers weather data and language services, and so on, Greene’s got a comeback ready.

“We have Chromebooks.”

Well, Microsoft has Surface.

“But Chromebooks can run all the Android apps, are totally secure, they have administration … and they have a nice keyboard,“ she laughs.

In fact, Greene says, “I only use a Chromebook now. I never thought I could do that but I love it.”

She’s watching Amazon

In truth, she’s not laser-focused on overtaking Microsoft, widely considered the No. 2 cloud player, with Google trailing behind.

google cloud napkinGoogle

She, like all the cloud vendors, are looking at market leader Amazon Web Services, which is raking in the enterprise-cloud customers.

AWS is even convincing a growing number of them to shut down all of their data centers and just rent everything from AWS. This includes Intuit, the other company where Greene is a board member.

AWS is so successful it’s currently on track to do $10 billion in revenue this fiscal year, and it’s also Amazon’s most profitable business unit.

And it blows all the competition out of the water in the sheer number of features on its cloud, as well as its partner ecosystem.

So how is she going to beat Amazon? By offering better tech, she says.

“I’m a little biased but I really do think, on the hard stuff, we’re the world’s best cloud,” she says.

Diane GreeneGoogleDiane Greene

“I agree we have more features to do, although we have the basics for enterprise that you need. We have more partners to bring on, but we’re doing that very quickly. But the hard stuff, I do think we’re the world’s best.”

While Greene would not share the cloud unit’s growth numbers, she says that “growth is really good and we’re doing great stuff with some really big customers.“

She adds: „We’ve been moving customers to our cloud both from Amazon and on-prem.“

„On-prem“ means getting companies to move the apps they have running in their own computers on their own premises into Google’s cloud.

Google has even been engaging Amazon with its price-cut war, according to Greene. “They’ve been following our price cuts. We’ve been initiating them,” she says.

She jokes, „We should make a T-shirt: ‚the highest quality, lowest-cost cloud.'“

http://www.businessinsider.de/how-diane-greene-transformed-googles-cloud-2016-6

 

Mobile Carriers Are Working With Partners to Manage, Package and Sell Data

Source: http://adage.com/article/datadriven-marketing/24-billion-data-business-telcos-discuss/301058/

 

U.K. grocer Morrisons, ad-buying behemoth GroupM and other marketers and agencies are testing never-before-available data from cellphone carriers that connects device location and other information with telcos‘ real-world files on subscribers. Some services offer real-time heat maps showing the neighborhoods where store visitors go home at night, lists the sites they visited on mobile browsers recently and more.

Under the radar, Verizon, Sprint, Telefonica and other carriers have partnered with firms including SAP, IBM, HP and AirSage to manage, package and sell various levels of data to marketers and other clients. It’s all part of a push by the world’s largest phone operators to counteract diminishing subscriber growth through new business ventures that tap into the data that showers from consumers‘ mobile web surfing, text messaging and phone calls.

Morrison's
Morrison’s Credit: Chris Ratcliffe/Bloomberg

SAP’s Consumer Insight 365 ingests regularly updated data representing as many as 300 cellphone events per day for each of the 20 million to 25 million mobile subscribers. SAP won’t disclose the carriers providing this data. It „tells you where your consumers are coming from, because obviously the mobile operator knows their home location,“ said Lori Mitchell-Keller, head of SAP’s global retail industry business unit.

There is a lot of marketer interest in that information because it is tied to actual individuals. For the same reason, however, there is potential for resistance from privacy advocates.

WPP units such as Kantar Media and GroupM’s Mindshare have „kicked the tires“ for three years on Consumer Insight 365, testing and helping develop applications for the service, said Nick Nyhan, CEO of WPP’s Data Alliance. The extensive time spent so far partly reflects „high sensitivity to not doing something that would be too close for comfort from a consumer point of view,“ Mr. Nyhan said.

The service also combines data from telcos with other information, telling businesses whether shoppers are checking out competitor prices on their phones or just emailing friends. It can tell them the age ranges and genders of people who visited a store location between 10 a.m. and noon, and link location and demographic data with shoppers‘ web browsing history. Retailers might use the information to arrange store displays to appeal to certain customer segments at different times of the day, or to help determine where to open new locations.

„It used to be that this data was a lot harder to come by,“ said Ross Shanken, CEO of LeadID, a lead generation analytics firm. In a previous position at data firm TargusInfo 2008 and 2010 he nonetheless partnered with „a very large telco“ to validate names, addresses and phone numbers for data appending.

Too risky for the E.U.?
To protect privacy, SAP receives non-personally-identifiable, anonymized information from telcos, and only provides aggregated information to its clients to prevent reidentification of individuals. Still, sharing and using data this way is controversial. Nearly all the players exploring the burgeoning Telecom Data as a Service field, or TDaaS for short, are reluctant to provide the details of their operations, much less freely name their clients. And despite privacy safeguards, SAP is focused on selling its 365 product in North America and the Asia-Pacific region because it cannot get the data it needs from telcos representing consumers in the E.U., where data protections are stricter than in the U.S. and elsewhere.

But the rewards may outweigh the possible tangles with government regulators, consumer advocates and even squeamish board members.

The global market for telco data as a service is potentially worth $24.1 billion this year, on its way to $79 billion in 2020, according to estimates by 451 Research based on a survey of likely customers. „Challenges and constraints“ mean operators are scraping just 10% of the possible market right now, though that will rise to 30% by 2020, 451 Research said.

„If I was a CEO of any telecom operator in the U.S., I would be saying to myself I can do the same,“ said Michael Provenzano, CEO and co-founder of Vistar Media, which teams up with mobile operators to provide anonymized and aggregated data for targeting digital out-of-home ads based on consumers‘ comings and goings. „That’s going to be something these guys are talking about in the boardroom.“

Perhaps the most prominent recent moves in the burgeoning TDaaS realm are Verizon’s $4.4 billion acquisition of AOL in May, followed by its purchase of mobile ad network Millennial Media for $238 million in September. Many saw the AOL buy as a means for Verizon to turn its data into a viable business, in part because AOL provides ad-tech infrastructure and marketer relationships that Verizon lacks.

The level of authenticated information derived from Verizon and other mobile operators is seen as potentially more valuable than some other consumer data because it directly connects mobile phone interactions to individuals through actual billing information. „We’re talking about linking a household and a billing relationship with a human being,“ said Seth Demsey, CTO of AOL Platforms.

Verizon’s Precision Market Insights division previously stumbled in its attempts to aggregate and package mobile data to help marketers target consumers and measure campaigns. Sprint’s similar Pinsight Media division and AT&T’s AdWorks—which segments and targets TV audiences—have not fared much better, according to observers.

But lackluster results from going it alone have driven telcos toward companies that can facilitate cashing in on data. Along with SAP on the marketer-facing side, others including HP and IBM have stepped in to help phone carriers on the back-end data management and analysis side.

When Spanish operator Telefonica embarked on its Dynamic Insights offering, it partnered with consumer insights firm GfK to help package the telco’s mobile data for clients including U.K. food purveyor Morrisons. The grocery chain used the service to garner anonymized data connecting consumer demographic data to location visits.

SAP's Rohit Tripathi
SAP’s Rohit Tripathi Credit: Courtesy SAP

Some of these data relationships have long histories. SAP America owns Sybase, a subsidiary it bought in 2010 that serves as a technology hub for multiple mobile carriers and counts Verizon as a partner. The Sybase business has provided „deep relationships with mobile operators around the globe,“ said Rohit Tripathi, global VP and general manager of SAP Mobile Services, in an email.

AirSage, another firm that has tight integrations with mobile operators, supplies data to municipal planners, retail store developers and city tourism boards. The company integrated its technology with telecom companies in the 1990s to enable 911 call support services. More recently it has signed data deals with Verizon Wireless and Sprint. „Our solution is actually plugged into the network behind the firewall of the carrier,“ said Ryan Kinskey, director of business development and sales at AirSage. Device IDs tracked by AirSage are anonymized, he added.

Verizon and Sprint declined to comment for this story. AT&T and T-Mobile said they don’t share consumer or location data with SAP, Sybase, AirSage or Vistar.

Why the secrecy?
Insiders say phone carriers exploring data-sharing businesses are tight-lipped because they don’t want to reveal too many details to competitors, but fear of consumer complaints is always lurking in the background.

EFF's Peter Eckersley
EFF’s Peter Eckersley Credit: Courtesy EFF

„The practices that carriers have gotten into, the sheer volume of data and the promiscuity with which they’re revealing their customers‘ data creates enormous risk for their businesses,“ said Peter Eckersley, chief computer scientist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a privacy watchdog. Mr. Eckersley and others suggest that anonymization techniques are faulty in many cases because even information associated with a hashed or encrypted identification code can be linked back to a home address and potentially reidentified by hackers.

Unlike other types of location tracking, such as beacon technologies that work only with mobile apps that people have agreed to let track them, many services employing telco data require no explicit opt-ins by consumers. Companies like SAP instead rely on carriers‘ terms and conditions with their subscribers, calling acceptance of the terms equivalent to opting in. Verizon’s privacy policy, for example, says that information collected on its customers may „be aggregated or anonymized for business and marketing uses by us or by third parties.“

Ultimately, for mobile operators, these relationships could reap substantial income from the data generated by subscribers who already account for their primary revenue streams. The telcos do not break out revenue derived from their data-related sales in their quarterly earnings reports, so just how much money they’re making from these deals is not known.

SAP will „effectively share the revenue back with the operator, so they get to make money from data that they’re basically not utilizing or under-utilizing today,“ former SAP Mobile President John Sims said at an industry conference in Las Vegas in 2013 as the company introduced Consumer Insight 365.

„The mobile operators don’t want to reveal this,“ said Mr. Tripathi, the SAP Mobile Services executive. No matter how much telcos and their partners stress that the data is anonymized and aggregated, he said, „they are fearful people will take this and twist it into something that it isn’t.“

Intelligente Maschinen manipulieren im Auftrag von Politik und Werbeindustrie

Quelle: http://futurezone.at/digital-life/mit-intelligenten-maschinen-gegen-auslaenderfeindlichkeit/153.456.202

Oliviero Stock forscht an Systemem, die Menschen beeinflussen können. In Zukunft könnten so Einstellungen und Meinungen in der Bevölkerung geändert werden.

Oliviero Stock entwickelt Software, die Menschen beeinflusst. Das funktioniert nicht durch Argumente, sondern indem an die Emotionen appelliert wird. Derzeit funktioniert das beispielsweise, indem vorhandene Texte so modifiziert werden, dass sie eine bestimmte Botschaft vermitteln, etwa durch das Einfügen oder Austauschen von Adjektiven. In Zukunft sollen intelligente Algorithmen allerdings in der Lage sein, durch Humor und Kreativität, selbsttätig Agenden zu verfolgen. Die Werbeindustrie und die Politik könnten versuchen, mit derartiger Software die Menschen zielgerichtet zu manipulieren. Der Schutz vor automatisierter Einflussnahme könnte ebenfalls durch intelligente Software erfolgen. Oliviero Stock, der derzeit amCenter for Information and Communication Technology in Trentoforscht, ist derzeit für die neunte ACM Konferenz für Empfehlungssysteme, die von der TU Wien ausgerichtet wird, in der österreichischen Hauptstadt. Die futurezone hat ihn interviewt.

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Oliviero Stock – Foto: YouTube Screenshot

Hat Sie je eine Maschine zum Lachen gebracht?
Wirklich laut gelacht habe ich wegen einer Maschine nur, wenn es um unerwartetes Verhalten aufgrund eines Fehlers geht, aber das zählt nicht. Gelächelt habe ich aber schon aufgrund von Software, die gewollt humorvoll war. Vor Jahren gab es ein Programm, das sich über Abkürzungen lustig gemacht hat, es hieß “Hahacronym”. Die Software hat etwa aus “MIT, dem Massachusetts Institute of Technology”, “Mythical Institute of Theology” gemacht. Bei solchen Beispielen hab ich geschmunzelt 

Können Maschinen Eigenschaften wie Humor oder Kreativität, die üblicherweise mit menschlicher Intelligenz in Verbindung gebracht werden, entwickeln?
Der weltbeste Schachspieler ist eine Maschine. Schach mag zwar nur einen eng begrenzten Fähigkeitenkatalog verlangen, aber ich glaube, es verlangt eine gewisse Intelligenz, nicht nur rohe Rechenkraft. Ich habe früher Schachspiele zwischen menschlichen Profis und dem Computerschach Weltmeister organisiert. Die Kommentatoren und die menschlichen Spieler waren sich stets einig, dass sie am meisten von der Kreativität des Spiels der Maschinen beeindruckt waren.

Sie arbeiten aber auf einem ganz anderen Gebiet, nämlich mit Sprache, die eher im künstlerischen Bereich angesiedelt ist. Können Maschinen auch hier reüssieren?
Ich glaube, auf lange Sicht werden sich Maschinen genau wie Menschen verhalten können. Ob sie je so etwas wie Bewusstsein erlangen werden, kann ich nicht sagen.

Ob eine Maschine Bewusstsein emuliert oder tatsächlich eines entwickelt, ist auch schwer zu sagen.
Genau. Wir haben in jüngerer Vergangenheit im Bereich der Computerlinguistik einen Umbruch erlebt. Bis vor 20 Jahren war das Ziel, dass Maschinen Sprache verstehen und die Forscher dabei Einblicke in die Prozesse im menschlichen Hirn erlangen, die mit Sprache zusammenhängen. Durch das Internet steht praktisch alles, was je geschrieben wurde, für maschinelle Analyse zur Verfügung. Aktuelle Systeme lernen durch Datenanalyse. Das war ein Paradigmenwechsel. In bestimmten, eng begrenzten lingusitischen Einsatzgebieten sind Maschinen heute dadurch schon fast so geschickt wie Menschen. In anderen Bereichen, etwa Rhetorik, hinken die Maschinen aber noch weit hinterher.

Das heißt der statistische Lernansatz hat Grenzen?
Ja, es gibt Dinge, die mit Lern-Algorithmen schwer zu erreichen sind. Diese Art von Lernen hat mit menschlicher Sprachacquisition nichts zu tun. Hier wird es in Zukunft eine Mischung der beiden Ansätze geben, eine Kombination aus Ansätzen, die regelbasiert bzw. korpusbasiert sind (d.h. Lernen aus bestehenden Texten). Das Wissen über menschliche Sprachverarbeitung wird wieder wichtiger.

Wenn kein Bewusstsein, werden Maschinen so etwas wie Persönlichkeit entwickeln?
Ja. Aber so weit sind wir noch nicht.

Müssen wir uns bald vor einer Armee aus Werbe-Bots fürchten, die uns im Internet jagen und versuchen, mir Dinge schmackhaft zu machen, indem sie an unsere Emotionen appellieren?
Das ist eine Sorge, die es gibt. Es gibt Platz für Missbrauch, wie überall. Wir konzentrieren uns darauf, die Technologie voranzutreiben. Jedenfalls könnten solche Systeme ja auch für soziale Anliegen verwendet werden, etwa um die Einstellung der Bevölkerung zu Ausländern zu ändern oder einen gesunden Lebensstil schmackhaft zu machen.

Das ist ethisch schwierig.
Ja, deshalb beschäftigen meine Kollegen und ich uns seit dem Beginn unserer Arbeit mit ethischen Fragen. Es geht nicht nur darum, ob Dinge gut oder schlecht für die Gesellschaft sind, sondern auch darum, dass die Systeme ihre Entscheidungen selbst an das moralisch Annehmbare anpassen. Ein kluges System wird in Zukunft verstehen, was es tun darf und was nicht. In einigen Situationen ist es etwa akzeptabel, wenn ein persuasives System Menschen zu einer Handlung bewegt, die ihnen widerstrebt , etwa wenn ein Haus in Flammen steht und die Bewohner nicht rechtzeitig hinausgehen. Dann wäre selbst eine maschinelle Lüge vertretbar.

Trotzdem ist die maschinelle Manipulation von Menschen problematisch.
Ja, selbst bei einem guten Zweck bleibt die Frage, wer die Entscheidungen trifft. Kurzzeitig wird das wichtigste Thema sein, wer die Systeme kontrolliert – die Verantwortlichen müssen anständig sein. Die Fähigkeiten der Systeme werden sich aber verbessern und langfristig werden die Programme soziale Akteure sein, die in der Gesellschaft selbsttätig ihren Aufgaben nachgehen. Dazu müssen sie aber gut und böse voneinander unterscheiden können. Das wird passieren, ob wir es wollen oder nicht.

Kann das nicht ins Auge gehen?
Es gibt ein sehr geringes Risiko, dass die Maschinen zu Ungunsten der Menschen die Kontrolle übernehmen, aber das halte ich für unwahrscheinlich und von solcher Technologie sind wir noch sehr, sehr weit weg. Ich fürchte mich eher vor Menschen. Es gibt fast nichts, was Menschen sich nicht gegenseitig antun würden. Die Maschinen werden uns helfen, solche Auswüchse in Zaum zu halten.

Macht es für die Werbung einen Unterschied, ob sie von Mensch oder Maschine kreiert wurde?
Unseren Erhebungen zufolge sind Menschen sehr empfindlich, wenn es um Maschinen geht, die versuchen, sie zu beeinflussen. Wenn man sie ganz allgemein danach fragt, ohne eine bestimmte Art von Beeinflussung zu nennen, sagen sie fast immer, dass das inakzeptabel ist. Wenn man aber einen bestimmten Zweck nennt, finden sie solche Beeinflussung oft durchaus annehmbar (etwa, wenn es um Hilfe bei der Erreichung ihrer eigenen Ziele geht). Es ist bemerkenswert, dass Menschen selten mit der traditionellen, durch Menschen erzeugten Werbung ein Problem haben.

Kann man Menschen vor unerwünschten Beeinflussungsversuchen schützen?
Wir haben ein System entwickelt, das Werbungen auf den Arm nimmt, den Subvertizer. Außerdem arbeiten wir an Software, die Menschen vor Beeinflussung schützen sollen, indem sie sie erkennen. Dabei geht es nicht um Banner, die auf Nutzer zugeschnitten sind. Wir beschäftigen uns mit dem Wording von Texten. So erkennen wir Beeinflussungsversuche selbst in Zeitungsartikeln. Auch Journalisten versuchen ja, Einfluss zu nehmen, etwa durch die Wahl der Adjektive. Unser System soll das erkennen, den Nutzer warnen und sogar eine gesäuberte Version des Textes anbieten. So können etwa unerwünschte Beeinflussungsversuche bekämpft werden.

Die Möglichkeit, Werbeslogans automatisch zu erzeugen, wäre perfekt für die Werbeindustrie.
Die Werbeindustrie wird unter den ersten Branchen sein, die auf solche Systeme setzt.

Ist die Technologie heute schon im Einsatz?
Nein. Heute läuft alles noch über statische Banner.

Wann wird sich das ändern?
Ich glaube, dass Technologien, wie sie von uns entwickelt wurden, nicht mehr weit von einer Markteinführung entfernt sind. Vor allem werden damit Botschaften genau auf Personen und Situationen zugeschnitten werden. Das ist für die Werbeindustrie attraktiv.

Wären längerfristig auch Bots denkbar, die versuchen, Menschen im Gespräch zu überzeugen?
Wir entwickeln derzeit keine Bots. Wir beschäftigen uns mit Überzeugungsstrategien, die im Monolog funktionieren, in Form von Text. Es gibt Arbeiten zu Sprachverarbeitung in Dialogsystemen, aber das ist ein ganz anderes Feld mit eigenen Schwierigkeiten. Chatbots basieren heute auf Regeln, da ist noch viel Arbeit nötig. Die heutigen Systeme sind trivial. Wir werden in Zukunft aber interessantere Systeme zu Gesicht bekommen, die auf die zuvor angesprochene Kombination aus Regeln und lernfähigen Algorithmen setzen.

Wie schwer ist es, der Software ethische Grundsätze beizubringen?
Bei selbstfahrenden Autos wird seit kurzem über ethische Systeme diskutiert. Bei Überzeugungssoftware ist das schwieriger, weil zwei Komponenten bedacht werden müssen: die Handlung oder Einstellung, die Ziel der Beeinflussung ist; und der Charakter der Beeinflussung selbst.

Kann eine Maschine wirklich das Gute vom Bösen unterscheiden?
Wir untersuchen bei unserer Arbeit nicht, was gut oder böse ist, sondern was Menschen akzeptieren, auf Grund ihrer aktuellen moralischen Einschätzungen. Da gibt es individuelle Unterschiede.

Wo stehen wir bei diesem Thema?
Die heutige Forschung steht noch am Anfang. Die Überzeugungssysteme müssen subtiler werden, da ist noch einige Arbeit nötig, auch die Persönlichkeit muss berücksichtigt werden.

Sie haben auch Systeme gebastelt, die kreative Schlagzeilen im Stil der britischen Boulevardblätter erstellt. Muss ich mir einen neuen Job suchen?
In naher Zukunft werden die Systeme hauptsächlich Hilfen für Kreative sein. Wir können nämlich schon recht gute, kreative Ergebnisse erzielen, sind aber noch nicht gut darin, die Schlechten herauszufiltern. Maschinen werden Kreativen helfen, sie schneller und effektiver machen. Sie müssen sich also noch keinen anderen Job suchen, sondern werden vielleicht durch die Maschinen ein viel effektiverer Journalist werden. Sie können ihren maschinellen Partner ja sogar geheimhalten, wenn Sie wollen.

Sind Jobs in anderen Branchen durch intelligente Systeme in Gefahr?
Ich kenne die Debatte um einen möglichen Jobverlust durch intelligente Systeme. Ich stimme zu, es wird Jobs geben, die es nicht mehr geben wird, wie schon in der industriellen Revolution. Nur dass diesmal auch bestimmte intellektuelle Arbeiten betroffen sein werden. Aber wie damals wird Boykott keine gute Antwort sein. Die Gesellschaft sollte so klug sein, Wege zu finden, die Maschinen zur Schaffung einer ausbalancierten Gesellschaft einzusetzen. Die Struktur der Arbeit muss sich vielleicht ändern.

Frei nach Marx werden die Arbeiter von heute also Zeit für Poesie und Wein haben?
Ich habe keine spezifische Lösung. Aber das Problem muss ernst genommen und studiert werden. Moderne Theorien und Experimente werden hoffentlich zu einem guten Ergebnis führen. Falsch wäre jedenfalls, die Weiterentwicklung intelligenter Systeme zu begrenzen. Man kann diese Entwicklung nicht aufhalten. Die Menschheit muss neue Auffassungen der Gesellschaft ausarbeiten und damit experimentieren.

Quelle: http://futurezone.at/digital-life/mit-intelligenten-maschinen-gegen-auslaenderfeindlichkeit/153.456.202

Chaos Communication Camp und Internet, wie es sein sollte

Quelle: http://www.zeit.de/digital/internet/2015-08/cccamp-internet-gigabit

Für die 5.000 Hacker im Zeltlager des Chaos Computer Clubs ist ein 10-Gigabit-Internetzugang standesgemäß. Für den Rest der Republik bleibt er Zukunftsmusik. von 

 

Das Chaos Communication Camp aus der Luft

Das Chaos Communication Camp aus der Luft  |  © Markus Horeld / ZEIT ONLINE

Die größten Feinde von Alexander Leefmann sind in diesen Tagen kleine Tiere mit scharfen Zähnen. Unmittelbar vor Beginn des Chaos Communication Camps in Brandenburg hatten vermutlich Marder gleich zweimal die Lebensader des Camps durchgebissen: das Glasfaserkabel, mit dem rund 5.000 Menschen für fünf Tage mit Internet versorgt werden.

Alle vier Jahre veranstaltet der Chaos Computer Club (CCC) so ein Camp, zuletzt 2011 in Finowfurt, dieses Mal auf dem Gelände der ehemaligen Ziegelei Mildenberg bei Zehdenick. Es ist gleichermaßen Feriencamping wie Hackertreffen. Die Ziegelei, tagsüber ein Museum mit allerlei Gebäuden, verrosteten Maschinen und einer Schmalspureisenbahn, verwandelt sich nach Einbruch der Dunkelheit in einen spektakulär beleuchteten Spielplatz voller charmant-verrückter Basteleien. Aber es wird eben auch programmiert und gehackt, und es gibt Vorträge, die per Livestream übertragen werden. Dafür braucht es Internet. Leefmann muss nun dafür sorgen, dass weder Hitze noch Staub noch Regen es stören. Oder eben Marder.

Es ist ein „Internet, wie es sein sollte“, wie Leefmann gerne sagt. Was er meint: Bis zu zehn Gigabit pro Sekunde, keine Filter, keine Beschränkungen. Mit ebenso viel Bandbreite für den Download wie für den Upload. Eine Verbindung, so schnell, dass man von Ladezeiten nicht mehr reden kann. So schnell, dass Anlieger in Reichweite des offenen Camp-WLANs zur Ziegelei kommen und vorsichtig fragen, ob das Internet eigentlich bleibt, wenn das Camp vorbei ist.

Vier Monate Zeit

Leefmann und die 28 Mitglieder seines Teams haben das Netz zusammen aufgebaut, und wie sie das gemacht haben, sagt einiges darüber aus, was möglich wäre in Sachen Breitbandversorgung in Deutschland, wenn man nur wollte.

Gerade mal vier Monate hat es von der ersten Begehung der Ziegelei durch die Veranstalter des Camps bis zur Fertigstellung des Netzwerks gedauert. In einer Gegend von Brandenburg, in der es viel Wald und Wiesen und Wasser gibt, aber wenig Menschen. Und wenig Breitbandinternet. Leefmann und sein Team fanden aber heraus, dass eine vergleichsweise nahe gelegene Hochspannungsleitung auch ein Glasfaserkabel trägt, das in einem Berliner Rechenzentrum endet. Das Kabel gehört einer Firma, die nicht genannt werden möchte. Aber sie erlaubte es Leefmann, sich sozusagen in die Leitung einzuklinken.

In dem Rechenzentrum wiederum sitzen mehrere Internetprovider. Sie erklärten sich bereit, Traffic-Kapazitäten für das Camp zur Verfügung zu stellen. Ob und wie viel der CCC dafür zahlt, will Leefmann nicht verraten. Nur so viel: Am Ende hatte man die Zusage für zehn Gigabit pro Sekunde. Ein superschnelles Netz also. Schneller als alles, was Privatanbieter derzeit in Deutschland kaufen können.

Damit standen der Uplink ins Internet und die Bandbreite fest. Was jetzt noch fehlte, war eine Glasfaserleitung vom Hochspannungsmast ins Camp, über eine Strecke von 2,4 Kilometern. Nur wenige Tage brauchte das Team, um die Genehmigungen der Landbesitzer einzuholen und das Kabel zu verlegen. Es liegt offen auf Wiesen und Feldern, einmal führt es sogar durch die Havel, mit Steinen beschwert. „Wir haben viele Leute mit einer Spezialausbildung im Team, Höhenkletterer und Taucher zum Beispiel“, sagt Leefmann. Das Kabel endet in einem klimatisierten Container auf dem Gelände der Ziegelei, in dem der zentrale Netzwerkverteiler für das Camp untergebracht ist.

Irgendwo auf dieser Strecke hatten die mutmaßlichen Marder zugeschlagen, aber bis zum heutigen Samstag, dem dritten von fünf Camptagen, gab es keinen weiteren Ausfall. Die Hitze der vergangenen Tage setzt der Technik zwar zu, einmal geriet Staub in die Kühlung, und die Geräte liefen heiß. Es sind solche Momente, die Leefmann um den Schlaf bringen, was ihm deutlich anzusehen ist. Aber er ist zum ersten Mal der Teamkoordinator und will das „Internet, wie es sein soll“ unbedingt stabil halten. Dafür opfert er seinen Jahresurlaub und notfalls auch seine Nachtruhe.

Zeitweise sind mehr als 3.000 Geräte allein mit einem der offiziellen WLANs des Camps verbunden. Selbst im letzten Winkel hat Leefmann noch eine Downloadgeschwindigkeit von 52 Megabit pro Sekunde über WLAN gemessen, und 64 Megabit im Upload. Am schnellsten aber ist das kabelgebundene Netz, das über die sogenannten Datenklos verteilt wird. Das sind Dixi-Toiletten, die zu Verteilerstationen umgebaut wurden. Dort können Campbesucher von freiwilligen Helfern ihre eigenen LAN-Kabel einstöpseln lassen. Wer einen Gigabit-Port an seinem Rechner und ein leistungsfähiges Kabel hat, bekommt dann eine Verbindung, die 20-mal schneller ist als ein VDSL-Anschluss mit 50 Mbit/s.

„Wir haben 34 Datenklos, die sternförmig vom zentralen Verteiler abgehen“, sagt Leefmann. Wenn man sich die Karte des Geländes als Weltkarte vorstellt, sind sie nach der geografischen Lage benannt: „Unten links befindet sich zum Beispiel das Datenklo Mexiko, oben im Norden haben wir den skandinavischen Bereich.“

Das Datenklo Mexiko und die anderen stehen aber in einem „Internetentwicklungsland“, sagt Leefmann. In einer Region von Brandenburg, in der schon ein datenintensiver Dienst wie YouTube unbenutzbar sein kann, in der kein Provider Glasfaser verlegen und die nötige Infrastruktur betreiben will.

Das Campnetzwerk ist deshalb auch ein Signal an Politik und Provider: So sieht ein Internet aus, das leistungsfähig genug ist für die Anwendungen und Dienste der Zukunft und die zunehmende Digitalisierung der Gesellschaft. Während beispielsweise die CDU als Ziel ausgibt, bis 2018 flächendeckend 50 Mbit/s anbieten zu können, hat Leefmanns Grüppchen so ein Netz mal eben in die brandenburgische Provinz gebaut.

Deutschland hinkt bei der Glasfaserversorgung im europäischen Vergleich hinterher, selbst in den Städten will die Telekom lieber erst die Möglichkeiten ihrer bestehenden Kupferleitungen ausreizen, mit Techniken wie Vectoring, die aber irgendwann an physikalische Grenzen stoßen. Auf dem Land soll vor allem LTE das sicherstellen, was heute Breitbandversorgung genannt wird und in Zukunft eher als Minimalversorgung gelten dürfte.

Zum Problem wird das spätestens dann, wenn künftige wichtige oder beliebte Dienste und Inhalte eine Bandbreite erfordern, die Kupfer und LTE nicht mehr liefern können. Dann müssen Unternehmen dorthin ziehen, wo es Glasfaser gibt, und Privatnutzer damit rechnen, dass sie auf dem Land nicht im selben Umfang an der Digitalisierung teilhaben können wie Stadtbewohner.

Leefmann sagt: „Wir könnten mit dem, was wir hier in wenigen Monaten gebaut haben, 200 Haushalte mit 50 Mbit/s versorgen. Ein beliebiger Provider könnte das erst recht.“ Aber es gebe keinen Wettbewerb und keinen Anreiz, einen zu schaffen.

Der Netzwerkingenieur schwärmt von Ländern wie Schweden und den Niederlanden, wo der Glasfaserausbau seit Jahren von der Regierung gefördert wird, sodass selbst abgelegene Dörfer in den Genuss eines wirklich schnellen, zukunftstauglichen Internets kommen können. Wo das, was er und sein Team aufgebaut haben, normal ist, und keine exotische, aufregende Ausnahme vom Alltag.

Media Companies: Don’t Let Your Traffic Run Out the Side Door

With the launch of Facebook’s Instant Articles, media companies have two choices: (a) integrate deeply with Facebook — fast load times! better experience! (b) skip this opportunity and risk falling further behind in the traffic race driven from Facebook. Given that Facebook has become such a huge traffic driver to so many media sites, in reality, most have no choice to make. Yet while Facebook and, of course, Google drive significant traffic volume, that traffic is not always the best. It is often one page only, and comes with very short sessions. Especially on mobile. It doesn’t have to be this way.

Before the Internet, when readers picked up a newspaper, magazine, a book, pretty much any piece of media, they started at the front. An editor chose what went first, what was shown biggest, what might appear “above the fold”. This was the “front door” and it mattered.

But as media began to flourish online, this shifted dramatically. The “side door” became the new “front door”. Traffic came directly to articles — links indexed by Google, links shared on Facebook, Twitter, Digg, Reddit, email, etc. Importantly, users who entered through the side door compounded the metrics that media companies could monetize.

Subsequently, editors have moved from deciding what goes on the front door to managing data and optimizing getting the most traffic from SEO or social. Some start-up media companies are now going as far as giving up on owning houses all together and instead living inside the halls of social platforms like Facebook.

No question, side door traffic is important. But the truly valuable and beloved companies have built a real front door — one that converts to repeatable, direct visits.

Social media companies understand this — traditional media companies could stand to learn from them. Instagram is a great example of a company that started through the side door, and quickly transitioned users to its own version of a front door. Users who came to Instagram via links shared on Facebook and Twitter quickly learned to visit Instagram directly. Every opportunity for exposure of this content was obsessively converted into users who began to sign up for Instagram and got sucked into it as a preferred way to view photos and content from celebrities, media, and friends. Similarly, Meerkat is working hard to pull off the same. (Disclosure: Josh Elman is an investor in Meerkat.) For Meerkat, a strong front door is everything now — it means an audience of people opening the app and using Meerkat to discover the live streams they want to see instead of just keeping an eye out for a tweet in their stream.

Jonah Peretti discussed the potential of recognizing your distributed audiences and finding ways to monetize them during his recent keynote at SXSW. But he didn’t touch on the significant numbers that BuzzFeed sees in their direct audience on site. With over 200 million uniques, Buzzfeed has developed a dedicated, loyal and fanatical audience which has become a key part of spreading into the larger distributed audiences.

The Three Audiences for Any Online Property

There is a framework for how to think about users in these different groups — the Loyalists, the Subscribers and the Casuals — and why it’s important to get as many of them to come regularly to your front door.

The Loyalists

Loyalists are what make companies worth billions of dollars. Loyalists love a property enough to come to it directly and regularly. They are an audience that is sticky and not going away. At HuffingtonPost, when a big news story would break, the front page traffic would surge — not just the side door traffic from the article of the story spreading. People had learned to think of it in the context of important news. This applies to non-media properties, too. For Uber, this means opening the app when I need a ride.

Loyalists are also vital to growing the Subscribers and Casuals audience. It is the loyalists who share content seconds after publish — creating opportunities for the company to grow the Subscribers and Casuals audience.

The Subscribers

Subscribers come back to a property over and over — though often through the side door. Subscribers will like a property on Facebook, follow them on Twitter and/or subscribe to their emails. Their discovery mechanism is still Facebook, Twitter, Email etc. But they have decided to consciously invite that property into their stream. They often engage with that content, clicking to sites as often as 10x a week and frequently sharing the content with their network.

Subscribers are living in a world where their feed is getting increasingly confusing and over-saturated. They will miss most of the content from the properties they subscribe to — especially as the algorithmic feeds on those platforms shift.

The Casuals

If an online property is built correctly, the casuals should be the largest audience. This is the group of people who come by and visit when they are exposed to an interesting link. In the best cases, casuals have become familiar with the property enough to recognize it in their streams, but they are still not yet enticed to dive deeper and to start actively following that property.

If the most successful media companies were tracking and releasing their casual audience numbers, they would be well past 10 billion and likely nearing on 20 to 30 billion impressions. For media companies, it is increasingly vital that they find ways to monetize these audiences, giving opportunities to premium sponsors to play part in this extended reach.

The Long View on Conversion

When a Casual user visits a site for the first time, the property often tries very hard to convert them. Immediately, the user is bombarded by popup screens to “like on Facebook”, or “subscribe by email”, or ads which attempt to monetize the user. All of these experiences can scare the Casual right off of the site.

Better to play it cool. Perhaps wait until the third time a Casual user visits to say, “Hi! We see you here a lot. Do you want to subscribe?”

It takes time to do this, but the right investments can lead to significant numbers of Loyalists. At RebelMouse we are seeing this happen with clients like the Dodo, who had a single video on Facebook reach more than 30 million casuals. The foundation is built on a core group of loyalists who make Dodo their homescreen, install the app and come back through native notifications. This has allowed their organic reach to grow exponentially and build a material subscriber audience in a short period of time.

The best companies need to prove that they can use the side door not just as an endgame but as way to convert into real front door traffic. Companies who abandon the quest for a loyalist audience are deciding — consciously or not — to build a much less ambitious company, one that relies on an ecosystem that can change its rules on a whim. They also are unlikely to be able to build the same size of extended audience because they lack the consistent seeding of content that loyalists bring.

Facebooks WhatsApp reaches the next level with its Voice Calling Functionality

Read the Full Story here: http://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2015/04/07/facebooks-whatsapp-voice-calling/

Whatsapp-Future

„WhatsApp’s head office is among the most impressive you can find in start-up infested Mountain View, California, with glass walls cascading down from a rooftop patio that apparently glows at night.

You’d never guess that one of the most disruptive forces in the history of the telecommunications industry was housed inside.

Like the older, smaller digs it once frequented down the road on Bryant Street, there is no hint of corporate signage out in front. Just an abstract sculpture called “Caring” by California artist Archie Held, and a small Zen garden tucked in a corner of the lobby.

All very calming, but not for mobile carriers. This time last year, WhatsApp’s then-470 million users had already erased an estimated $33 billion in SMS revenue from wireless operators. That number is growing. Between 2012 and 2018 the entire telecommunications industry will have lost a combined $386 billion between 2012 and 2018 because of OTT services like WhatsApp and Skype, according to Ovum Research.

Today WhatsApp has more than 700 million people using it at least once a month, sending more than 10 billion messages a day. At its current rate of growth it should pass the 1 billion user mark before the end of 2015. The company doesn’t push through many updates. While other messaging apps like WeChat, Kik and Facebook Messenger host content and e-commerce services to become all-encompassing platforms, WhatsApp has limited its new features to communications.

Now the stakes for the world’s biggest messaging company are about to get much higher as it pushes through one of the most fundamental methods of communication out there: voice calling.

In February WhatsApp began rolling out the feature to select users across the world who could receive calls through the app. Receiving a call allowed them to make calls too. Then last week it offered an application file on its website which, if downloaded, allowed anyone with an Android phone to call other WhatsApp users.

The feature is expected to launch on Windows Phones and iOS phones soon, and already, around 20 million people including 2 million in Germany have been able to test it, says Pamela Clark-Dickson, a telecom analyst at Ovum Research, citing a source close to Facebook.

WhatsApp’s staff of approximately 80 people were spread thinly across three stories in their impressive 20,000 square foot building when I last visited in late 2014. The edgy graffiti that once adorned WhatsApp’s walls had taken on a more sophisticated, Banksy-like flavor inside: marking the third floor’s entrance was a huge mural of a woman riding a bicycle in Hong Kong, a reminder of WhatsApp’s international popularity.

WhatsApp had been living a hermetic, four-year existence in the Silicon Valley bell jar before Facebook swooped in and bought the company for $22 billion in February 2014. It continued that air of secrecy in the months afterwards, except now it was subject to a steady stream of visitors and it needed a pair of security guards to mind the entrance to its headquarters.

WhatsApp’s resources with Facebook were only just starting to converge in the wake of their landmark deal, with Facebook now helping with legal matters and public affairs. “We were very cheap when we were WhatsApp,” said Neeraj Arora, WhatsApp’s long-time business development head when asked about how money was being spent. “We’re more disciplined now because we are part of a public company.”

Yet Facebook’s largesse makes it easier to pull off big expansion plans. At the top floor, Arora pulled back one of the blinds and pointed to the roof of another building about a block away that was still under construction.

Milling about on top in ant-like proportions were half a dozen construction workers wearing bright yellow vests. This was WhatsApp’s next headquarters, scheduled to be ready for them to move in in 2015: an 80,000-square-foot colossus that would include a gym and a floor big enough for all departments to be together once again.

WhatsApp had actually leased the building before the Facebook deal, a confident move by the founders who fully believed that in three-to-five years they would have a workforce of around 500.

Today with big plans to become a comprehensive communications service and all-round-new-breed of phone company, that looks more likely than ever.

Though many of us already make free calls on Skype, Viber or Apple’s FaceTime, WhatsApp’s calling service stands to be the most popular of them all simply because it has the highest single number of active users.

“It has the potential to affect mobile voice revenues [for carriers] more so than LINE or Viber or even Skype, which is not that big on mobile,” says Clark-Dickson.

That’s troubling news for carriers like AT&T or Vodafone for two reasons. WhatsApp’s rise coincides with the gradual erosion of a carrier’s relationship with consumers, relegating them to the grey world of infrastructure inhabited by Cisco and Ericsson, packet-based networks whose primary role is to transport data.

It will also cost them revenue. Voice minutes are already falling across the industry, according to Ovum, which says mobile network revenues will contract for the first time in 2018 as over-the-top services like WhatsApp push us towards using data rather than voice minutes.

While mobile data revenues will grow by a compound annual rate of 8% to reach $586.4 billion globally in 2019, voice will decline by 3% over the same period, to $472.7 billion. North America and Western Europe will be hardest-hit with respect to mobile voice revenues, with these regions representing nearly 80% of the global voice revenue decline.

This points to the frustrating paradox for carriers: enormous growth but tighter margins. Consumers have developed an insatiable demand for data, Facebooking, YouTubing and Netflixing on their mobile phones at all hours of the day. Cisco predicts mobile data traffic will increase 11-fold from 2013 to 2018. But the average revenue per user (ARPU) for carriers is falling, because the cost of data is getting cheaper. Imagine McDonald’s customers buying 10 times more food, but only ordering french fries.

Data used to contribute a disproportionately high level of revenue in relation to traffic when it was mainly related to SMS. Back in 2005 for instance, someone sending 3,000 text messages was sending less than 0.1MB data per month. Now that load has increased into the gigabytes. ARPU for carriers has remained steady since 2010, but what’s changed is that data now makes up more than half of their total revenue, and overshadowed voice for the first time earlier this year.

Data is essentially devouring voice. T-Mobile and Verizon are already dealing with this by launching Voice over LTE which transforms a voice call into a data call, and doubling the amount of data available to customers for the same price.

With voice and SMS margins dwindling, carriers may eventually be forced to stick to flat-rate data plans which are being pioneered by younger operators like 3 and Tele2, and taking full advantage of their expensive new 4G networks. WhatsApp’s voice feature might not necessarily be a disaster for carriers if it boosts their data revenues further. But Clark-Dickson warns that “even if data traffic revenue increased, it would not go back to the old revenue days.”

What’s infuriating for carriers is how WhatsApp and its ilk can run a potentially profitable service on top of their expensive infrastructure. Just last year, carriers bid more than $40 billion on new wireless spectrum at a government auction for a high-band spectrum that could carry more data than usual. Good timing for WhatsApp’s voice plans, since the new spectrum will lead to smoother connections and less hiccups in the service, though it could take around two years for the faster data speeds to kick in.

For their part, Koum and his team have long insisted that WhatsApp is no enemy to carriers. Instead they’ve partnered with more than 100 of them around the world, asking carriers to not count the use of WhatsApp against their data allowance. In other words, when a customer’s data allowance runs out, they can still use WhatsApp. It’s unclear how those partnerships will develop when voice kicks in. T-Mobile has formed a similar partnership with Facebook and with music streaming, and the model is helping around half the world’s carriers improve their revenue prospects, according to one recent survey.

Still, some carriers have taken their time before getting on board with WhatsApp. It took a while, for instance, before leading Latin American carrier America Movil agreed to partner with the company.

WhatsApp has rolled out its voice feature in a characteristically slow and methodical way, introducing it to tranches of users at a time. Its founders Jan Koum and Brian Acton were more interested in making sure the service worked reliably than getting it out to their user base quickly.

Voice is trickier than messaging to do well. Real-time communications services have to contend with drop-outs and lags, as anyone who’s ever made a Skype call will know. That’s a big reason why WhatsApp is behind schedule on voice, according to people at the company. Co-founder Koum originally said the feature would be available in the second half of 2014, but it’s only just becoming available now.

For mobile operators, the extra time to prepare for what could be a major disruption to one of their most precious revenue sources is a small silver lining, says Clark-Dixon. “Mobile operators had 12 months to prepare and plan for this, so they know what’s coming,” she says. Still, she adds, “I don’t think operators have moved quickly enough.”

Carriers have increasingly bundled data, voice and SMS into a single rate, while operators like Vodafone and Sprint have signed up to the Rich Communication Services (RCS) standard, their own version of a web-based service to compete with apps like Viber and WhatsApp.

RCS, marketed under the name joyn, has been around for eight years. Yet until a year ago carriers offered these web-based services through their own third-party apps, says Clark-Dixon. Only recently have they started integrating them into an Android phone’s native dialler and texting applications. The number of people who have phones with the service are likely in the single-digit millions, she estimates, which means it could be too little too late to counteract the expected popularity of WhatsApp voice calling.

WhatsApp is still a ways off from being what you could call a phone company, with all the infrastructure and back-end billing and customer care services that entails. But it’s also graduating from the status of simple OTT player to a new kind of communications service provider. In the meantime, it should heed the mistakes of carriers who moved too slowly in the face of disruptive upstarts.

“We’ve been waiting a year for [WhatsApp voice calling] and it’s still only available on Android. It’s rolling out across market slowly,” Clark-Dickson warns, pointing to competitors like Viber, LINE and WeChat who have already have voice calling enabled for some time. “It needs to move more quickly in communications and with VoIP.”

How Amazon Tricks You Into Thinking It Always Has the Lowest Prices

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Amazon is known for having low prices. But a study conducted by a startup called Boomerang Commerce reveals that Amazon’s pricing strategy is much more nuanced than simply undercutting the competition.

Boomerang, founded by Amazon veteran Guru Hariharan, makes software that tracks prices on shopping sites that compete with its clients, then recommends price changes dynamically. Those changes are based on rules its clients set about which products to match prices on and which to boost higher or drop lower than a competitor’s to boost profits or sales, respectively.

The study of Amazon’s pricing uncovered some interesting tactics. First, Amazon doesn’t have the lowest prices across the board, which may not surprise industry insiders but might surprise Amazon shoppers.

Instead, according to Boomerang’s analysis, Amazon identifies the most popular products on its site and consistently prices them under the competition. In one example, Boomerang observed Amazon testing price reductions on a $350 Samsung TV — one of the most popular TVs on Amazon — over the six months leading up to Black Friday. Then, on Black Friday, it dropped the price to $250, coming in well below competitors’ prices.

But when it comes to the HD cables that customers often buy with a new TV, Amazon actually pushed up the price by 33 percent ahead of the holidays. One reason is that the cables weren’t among the most popular in their category, meaning that they have little impact on price perception among shoppers. Secondly, Amazon most likely figures (or knows) it can make a profit on these cables because customers won’t price-compare on them as carefully as they would on more expensive products.

In another example, Amazon priced one of the most popular routers on its site about 20 percent below Walmart’s price. But when it came to a much less popular router, Amazon priced it almost 30 percent higher than Walmart did. Again, Amazon knows which products will drive price perception among shoppers.

“Amazon may not actually be the lowest-priced seller of a particular product in any given season,” the report reads, “but its consistently low prices on the highest-viewed and best-selling items drive a perception among consumers that Amazon has the best prices overall — even better than Walmart.”

The study was part of a white paper Boomerang released on Tuesday to bring attention to the idea of price perception in e-commerce. The startup has created a “price perception index,” which it described as “a numerical pricing model that captures customer psychology of price perception. It does so by providing a tangible statistic of how a company’s products … are priced, relative to the competition, weighted by customer interest.”

The goal of the index is to highlight how a nuanced approach to pricing — such as Amazon’s — can be a smarter, more cost-effective option over simply price-matching across the board. This is where Boomerang enters the conversation: The startup wants to help Amazon competitors think about pricing in as sophisticated a way as Amazon does.

“Amazon is doing it at scale, with what is estimated to be 10 billion pricing changes across the holidays,” CEO Hariharan said. “Some retailers are doing it every three months.”

Source: http://recode.net/2015/01/13/how-amazon-tricks-you-into-thinking-it-always-has-the-lowest-prices/

Photo Source: http://g-ecx.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/marketing/prime/pdp/Hero_fade_White_girl._CB336386325_.jpg